By Zahrah
Who was she?
Katherine Johnson, also known as Katherine Goble, was an American mathematician who calculated and analyzed the flight paths of many spacecraft during her more than three decades with the United States space program. Her work aided in the launch of astronauts to the Moon. During her 33-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and aided in the development of computer-assisted tasks. Her "historical role as one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist" was noted by the space agency.
Where she studied:
When she was 15, Katherine began college at the West Virginia State University. She took classes to become a mathematician. That is someone who is an expert in math. She learned how to solve big problems by using math, especially geometry. She graduated from college when she was 18. After college, Katherine became a teacher. She taught school until she got married and had children. When her husband became very sick, she started teaching again to support her family.
How she impacted mathematics:
She developed calculations that helped the US launch its first astronaut into space in 1961. She also played a crucial role in calculations for the first moon landing, Apollo 11 in 1969, among other pioneering crewed space missions. US astronaut John Glenn, who orbited Earth three times in 1962 before returning safely, famously insisted that the calculations behind his trajectory be double-checked by Johnson before he took off.
Recognition:
Johnson has been named the 2020 recipient of the National Geographic Society Hubbard Medal, which is given to individuals who have made significant contributions to research, discovery, and exploration. President Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. She also received The Silver Snoopy Award, which is given to NASA employees and contractors in recognition of "professionalism, dedication, and outstanding support that greatly enhanced space flight safety and mission success." She also received The Congressional Gold Medal, which is the highest expression of national appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions by individuals or institutions.
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